Astaxanthin is a naturally-occurring carotenoid (organic color pigment) produced by the microalgae Haematococcus Pluvialis as a defense mechanism against harsh environmental conditions. For humans, astaxanthin is one of the most known powerful natural Antioxidants, with numerous health benefits that are supported by extensive scientific research, including human clinical trials.
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The human body naturally produces free radicals, harmful molecules that can damage our cells, resulting in a condition called "Oxidative stress". Many factors in everyday life such as pollutants, unhealthy diet, excessive sunbathing, heavy exercise, and smoking can further increase the number of free radicals in the body, causing premature aging and several disorders. Antioxidants like natural astaxanthin help counteract the damaging effects of these free radicals, promoting a healthy Oxidative balance.
Astaxanthin from Haematococcus Pluvialis is one of the most powerful natural antioxidants known to science. In addition, it neutralizes harmful free radicals in a way that is gentle to the body's cells. Unlike other antioxidants, astaxanthin does not itself becomes a pro-oxidant, which can bring harm to the body. Due to its unique chemical structure, astaxanthin can neutralize many different types of radicals both at the surface and interior of the cell membrane, giving better overall Protection.
Natural astaxanthin from the microalgae, Haematococcus Pluvialis, is a naturally occurring carotenoid that can be found from arctic marine environments to common freshwater rock pools throughout the world. Astaxanthin is what gives the pink and red color to salmon, shrimp, and lobster.
In the natural environment, animals depend on their diet to obtain astaxanthin and other carotenoids since they cannot produce carotenoids themselves. The most abundant source of astaxanthin in nature is Haematococcus Pluvialis, which will accumulate astaxanthin in lipid vesicles during periods of nutrient deficiency and environmental stress.
In the natural environment, animals depend on their diet to obtain astaxanthin and other carotenoids since they cannot produce carotenoids themselves. The most abundant source of astaxanthin in nature is Haematococcus Pluvialis, which will accumulate astaxanthin in lipid vesicles during periods of nutrient deficiency and environmental stress.
Natural astaxanthin has a unique molecular structure that makes it literally hundreds of times stronger than other antioxidant molecules. Additionally, it has no prooxidant activity even when subjected to the enormous amount of stress from environmental factors and free radicals, thus astaxanthin is considered a pure antioxidant.
Membranes are not only the gates to cells but also to aging because they balance intercellular communication, facilitate cell nutrition, and protect DNA from damage. Unfortunately, membranes are also the first target of free radicals. Lipid peroxidation occurs when free radicals such as reactive oxygen species oxidize the cell membrane which leads to cell damage.
Astaxanthin, with its unique molecular structure and has been reported to span the cell membrane bilayer (fat/water) because of its unique structure with polar terminal rings. The polar OH-group in two-terminal rings of astaxanthin is likely to be oriented at or near the membrane surface while the polyene chain is in the interior of the membrane.
Accordingly, astaxanthin could be effective in scavenging reactive oxygen species at the membrane surface while its polyene chain inhibits oxidative chain reaction in the membrane. Astaxanthin can quench free radicals in both the inner and outer layers of the membrane, unlike most antioxidants, which work either in the inner (e.g., vitamin E and beta carotene) or the outer side of the membrane (e.g., vitamin C).
Mitochondria are tiny organelles within the cell that serve as “powerhouses” because they produce most of the cell’s energy. Mitochondria are also active generators of free radicals, which are byproducts of the energy-producing process. When mitochondrial membranes are damaged by the excessive free radical attack, premature cellular senescence, and loss of cellular vitality occur. Research has shown that astaxanthin promotes the healthy functioning of the mitochondria because it inhibits oxidation by scavenging free radicals along with the membrane structure.
When mitochondrial membranes are damaged by the excessive free radical attack, premature cellular senescence, and loss of cellular vitality occur. Research has shown that astaxanthin promotes the healthy functioning of the mitochondria because it inhibits oxidation by scavenging free radicals along with the membrane structure.
The level of antioxidant capacity in the blood can be considered an indicator for assessing the strength of body to combat degenerative aging and premature senescence.
In fact, long-term disruption of the blood antioxidant balance is associated with cardiovascular and circulatory system diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, early signs of skin deterioration, and renal failure. Clinical studies have shown that astaxanthin enhances blood antioxidant capacity by preventing depletion of the body’s inner antioxidant defenses, such as catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase.
Pro-Oxidants are chemicals that induce oxidative stress, either by generating reactive oxygen species or by inhibiting antioxidant systems. Some antioxidant molecules can become pro-oxidants, especially when under intense free radical attack due to smoking or intense UV radiation.
High intake of Pro-Oxidants induces oxidative stress, which can seriously damage cells and tissues. Several studies have shown that astaxanthin safely quenches free radicals without any Pro-Oxidant activity; therefore, astaxanthin is classified as a pure antioxidant. So, astaxanthin never turns into a pro-oxidant it never becomes an exhausted oxidant.
Chronic inflammation is believed to be the silent disease at the heart of most degenerative conditions and lifestyle-related diseases. Astaxanthin quenches inflammation by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-kB, a major inducer of the inflammatory cascade. Clinical studies have shown that astaxanthin lowers inflammation in the gastrointestinal and vascular systems, as well as in the muscles after intense exercise. Emerging studies also showed that astaxanthin is able to reduce inflammation in the eyes, kidneys, and brain.
In fact, long-term disruption of the blood antioxidant balance is associated with cardiovascular and circulatory system diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, early signs of skin deterioration, and renal failure. Clinical studies have shown that astaxanthin enhances blood antioxidant capacity by preventing depletion of the body’s inner antioxidant defenses, such as catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase.
Free radicals causes DNA damage and mutation, which can lead to premature cell death and cancer. Immune cells in particular are highly exposed and vulnerable to free radicals.
Clinical studies have shown that astaxanthin can reduce DNA damage caused by oxidation and free radicals and and contribute to the better functioning of the immune system.